Which techniques are primarily used for signal isolation circuits in ECG inputs?

The use of low capacity/high frequency transformers and radiated energy coupling for signal isolation circuits in ECG inputs is a crucial method due to the specific requirements of electrocardiography. ECG devices need to ensure that the electrical signals being monitored from the body are isolated from electrical noise and dangers, particularly those generated by power lines or other electronic equipment.

Low capacity/high frequency transformers can effectively isolate the signal and reduce common-mode noise, which is vital for obtaining clean and accurate ECG readings. They do this by transferring the signal while preventing high-frequency interference from affecting the measurements. Radiated energy coupling, on the other hand, allows for a non-contact method of signal transfer, which enhances safety by eliminating direct electrical connections that could present a risk to the patient, especially in a medical environment where defibrillators or other high-energy devices might be present.

In contrast, other techniques listed would not provide the same level of signal isolation necessary for accurate ECG monitoring. For instance, vibrating reeds and tuned circuit sensors are more suited for mechanical vibrations than electrical signal isolation. Diode bridge circuits and low current fuses focus on rectification and overcurrent protection rather than isolation. Series resistors and parallel neon lamps would also fail to provide the proper isolation needed for ECG inputs